WASHINGTON, D.C. – In a stunning legal reversal that has sent shockwaves through the aviation industry, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a 209-page court document late Wednesday admitting that government negligence was a proximate cause of the January 29, 2025, mid-air collision over the Potomac River.

The disaster, which killed all 67 people aboard an American Eagle regional jet and a U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopter, is now officially the deadliest aviation accident on American soil in over two decades.

The Admission: A "Breach of Duty"

The filing, submitted in response to a federal lawsuit by the family of victim Casey Crafton, marks a rare and rapid admission of fault by the United States government. The DOJ stated: “The United States admits that it owed a duty of care to Plaintiffs, which it breached, thereby proximately causing the tragic accident on January 29, 2025.”

Negligence Breakdown: FAA & U.S. Army

The DOJ’s admission highlights critical failures in both civilian and military operations:

FAA Air Traffic Control: The DOJ conceded that controllers at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) "negligently violated" FAA orders. Specifically, the controller on duty failed to follow proper visual separation procedures, essentially handing off the responsibility of "see and avoid" to the pilots under conditions and at an altitude where such reliance was improper.

U.S. Army Army Operations: The filing confirms that the Black Hawk crew failed to maintain vigilance. Furthermore, investigators revealed the helicopter was flying 78 feet above its 200-foot altitude limit on a restricted route. The Army also acknowledged a known defect in the helicopter’s barometric altimeter that may have provided inaccurate readings to the crew.

Fatal Convergence

The accident occurred at 8:47 p.m. as American Eagle Flight 5342 (a PSA Airlines CRJ-700) was on final approach to Runway 33. Simultaneously, a UH-60L Black Hawk from the 12th Aviation Battalion was conducting a Night Vision Goggle (NVG) training mission.

Legislative Fallout

The tragedy has already sparked immediate legislative action. On the same day as the DOJ filing, the ROTOR Act gained significant momentum in the Senate.

This bill aims to:

Mandate ADS-B Out: Require all military aircraft to broadcast their position when operating in congested civilian airspace.

Redraw DCA Routes: Permanently separate helicopter transit routes from commercial fixed-wing approach paths.

End "Visual Separation" Reliance: Restrict controllers from using visual separation in high-complexity environments like the D.C. SFRA (Special Flight Rules Area).

The Path to Accountability

While the government has admitted liability, the DOJ filing stops short of taking sole responsibility. The document suggests that American Airlines and PSA Airlines may still share "comparative fault" for allegedly pushing high arrival rates that squeezed safety margins at DCA.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is expected to release its final, definitive report on the crash’s probable cause in early 2026.